What is Olaparib and how does it work?
Olaparib (Lynparza®) is a medication used to treat men with advanced prostate cancer who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation and whose cancer has stopped responding to hormone therapy.
Prostate cancer cells with these mutations rely on a protein called PARP to repair damaged DNA. Olaparib blocks PARP, preventing DNA repair and causing cancer cells to die. Although Olaparib doesn't cure prostate cancer, it can help some men live longer.
Who is Olaparib suitable for?
Olaparib is used for men with advanced prostate cancer that has stopped responding to hormone therapy (hormone-relapsed or castrate-resistant prostate cancer). It is precisely for those with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. Olaparib may be an option if you have already been treated with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide.
What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that help regulate cell growth and prevent cancer. Mutations in these genes increase the risk of prostate cancer. Men with these mutations need a protein called PARP to repair damaged DNA in cancer cells. Olaparib blocks this protein, leading to the death of cancer cells.
How do I know if I have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation?
You might know if you have a BRCA mutation from previous genetic tests. If you don't, your hospital doctor can refer you for genetic testing using a sample of your cancer or a blood sample. Discuss the possibility of genetic testing with your doctor or nurse.
What other health issues should I discuss with my doctor before taking Olaparib?
Inform your doctor about any other health conditions, particularly kidney problems, as this might require adjusting your Olaparib dose. Discuss all medications you are taking, including non-prescription and herbal medicines, as Olaparib can interact with other drugs.
What if Olaparib isn't suitable for me?
If Olaparib isn't suitable, other treatments for advanced prostate cancer include different hormone therapies, chemotherapy, and clinical trials. Your healthcare team can guide you on the best options.
What does Olaparib treatment involve?
Olaparib is taken as two tablets in the morning and two in the evening, with or without food. Avoid grapefruit juice as it can affect the medication's effectiveness. Continue hormone therapy alongside Olaparib.
How long will my treatment last?
You will continue taking Olaparib until it stops working or if severe side effects occur. Regular hospital appointments, initially monthly and then every three months, will monitor your treatment's effectiveness through various tests, including PSA blood tests and scans.
What are the common side effects of Olaparib?
- Anaemia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Extreme tiredness (fatigue)
- Indigestion or heartburn
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Changes in the taste of food
- Dizziness
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Diarrhoea
Should I use contraception while on Olaparib?
Yes, use a condom and another form of contraception if there's a chance your partner could become pregnant while taking Olaparib and for three months after. If your partner is pregnant, use a condom during sex to prevent potential harm to the baby. Do not donate sperm while on Olaparib and for three months after the last dose.
How will my treatment with Olaparib be monitored?
Regular appointments will include PSA blood tests, blood tests for anaemia and organ function, and scans to check the cancer's status. Your doctor will use these results to adjust your treatment as needed.
